Plasticizers are a class of additives that can increase the flexibility of polymer materials, lower the glass transition temperature (Tg) and improve processing performance. They reduce the interaction between polymer chains and improve the mobility of molecular chains, making the material softer and more ductile.
The role of plasticizers in polyurethane products
In polyurethane (PU) products, what are the main functions of plasticizers?
Reduce hardness and improve flexibility
By reducing the rigidity of polyurethane materials, they are made softer and more elastic, suitable for applications such as soft foam, coatings, and adhesives.
Improve processing performance
Reduce viscosity, making raw materials easier to mix and flow, thereby improving production efficiency and product quality.
Improve low temperature resistance
Allow polyurethane to maintain a certain degree of flexibility at low temperatures and avoid embrittlement.
Increase the impact resistance of products
By reducing the close stacking of polymer molecular chains, the toughness and impact resistance of products are improved.
Improve wear resistance
In some applications, suitable plasticizers can reduce friction and improve wear resistance, such as polyurethane sole materials.
Improve transparency and surface gloss
In transparent PU products, certain plasticizers can reduce crystallization, improve transparency, and make the product look more beautiful.
What are the common polyurethane plasticizers?
In the polyurethane industry, commonly used plasticizers include:
·Phthalates (such as DOP, DINP)-commonly used in soft PU foams, coatings, etc., but some varieties have environmental restrictions.
·Aliphatic dibasic acid esters (such as DOA, DOS)-used for PU products with high requirements for low-temperature flexibility.
·Polyester plasticizers-have good durability and are often used in high-performance PU products.
·Phosphate esters-have both flame retardancy and plasticization, suitable for special applications.
·Alcohol and amine plasticizers-used in specific types of polyurethane systems, such as water-based PU.